Response Of Organism Research Articles

Novel candidate genes for environmental stresses response in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 revealed by machine learning algorithms.

Cyanobacteria have developed acclimation strategies to adapt to harsh environments, making them a model organism. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of tolerance to abiotic stresses can help elucidate how cells change their gene expression patterns in response to stress. Recent advances in sequencing techniques and bioinformatics analysis methods have led to the discovery of many genes involved in stress response in organisms. The Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a suitable microorganism for studying transcriptome response under environmental stress. Therefore, for the first time, we employed two effective feature selection techniques namely and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage Selector Operator) to pinpoint the crucial genes responsive to environmental stresses in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. We applied these algorithms of machine learning to analyze the transcriptomic data of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 under distinct conditions, encompassing light, salt and iron stress conditions. Seven candidate genes namely sll1862, slr0650, sll0760, slr0091, ssl3044, slr1285, and slr1687 were selected by both LASSO and SVM-RFE algorithms. RNA-seq analysis was performed to validate the efficiency of our feature selection approach in selecting the most important genes. The RNA-seq analysis revealed significantly high expression for five genes namely sll1862, slr1687, ssl3044, slr1285, and slr0650 under ion stress condition. Among these five genes, ssl3044 and slr0650 could be introduced as new potential candidate genes for further confirmatory genetic studies, to determine their roles in their response to abiotic stresses.

De-nitrosylation Coordinates Appressorium Function for Infection of the Rice Blast Fungus.

As a signaling molecule, nitric oxide (NO) regulates the development and stress response in different organisms. The major biological activity of NO is protein S-nitrosylation, whose function in fungi remains largely unclear. Here, it is found in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, de-nitrosylation process is essential for functional appressorium formation during infection. Nitrosative stress caused by excessive accumulation of NO is harmful for fungal infection. While the S-nitrosoglutathione reductase GSNOR-mediated de-nitrosylation removes excess NO toxicity during appressorium formation to promote infection. Through an indoTMT switch labeling proteomics technique, 741 S-nitrosylation sites in 483 proteins are identified. Key appressorial proteins, such as Mgb1, MagB, Sps1, Cdc42, and septins, are activated by GSNOR through de-nitrosylation. Removing S-nitrosylation sites of above proteins is essential for proper protein structure and appressorial function. Therefore, GSNOR-mediated de-nitrosylation is an essential regulator for appressorium formation. It is also shown that breaking NO homeostasis by NO donors, NO scavengers, as well as chemical inhibitor of GSNOR, shall be effective methods for fungal disease control.

ПРОЦЕССЫ РЕГЕНЕРАЦИИ КОСТНОЙ ТКАНИ ПРИ ПЕРЕЛОМАХ НИЖНЕЙ ЧЕЛЮСТИ

Item. The review of literature devoted to the actual problem of maxillofacial surgery — processes of bone tissue regeneration in mandibular fractures is presented. The purpose of the study — to study and analyze the materials of publications on the processes of bone tissue regeneration in mandibular fractures. Methodology. The publications of domestic and foreign authors devoted to the processes of bone tissue regeneration in mandibular fractures were studied. The publications were analyzed using scientific search library databases: PubMed Central, Google, Cyberleninka, eLibrary. Materials were selected by keywords. Full-text articles were included in the search. Results. In domestic and foreign literature, the processes of restoration of bone structures of the maxillofacial region as an organism's response to damage have been studied and described in detail. It has been established that two processes are simultaneously launched: resorption of damaged osteocytes and formation of osteoid tissue, one of which may be predominant at the moment. Conclusions. The article presents modern data on the key moments of bone tissue regeneration in the region of the mandible. All stages of the reparative process in bone tissue are described at the cellular level, and information about the main mechanisms, pathways and cell types involved in bone tissue regeneration is presented in detail, taking into account the stage of osteogenesis. Knowledge of the regularities of biological processes in the bone tissue regeneration zone allows scientific search and development of effective methods of treatment of mandibular fractures.

Walking in Tandem with the City: Exploring the Influence of Public Art on Encouraging Urban Pedestrianism within the 15-Minute Community Living Circle in Shanghai

As a new urban model, the 15-min city has gradually become a touchstone with which to measure the future sustainability of cities. With a time-limited planning of urban living circles, urban residents can be allowed to access basic daily needs, such as food, health and education, while walking or cycling, thus reducing motor traffic and carbon dioxide emissions and contributing to the improvement of people’s well-being and the environmental climate. Within the temporal and spatial confines of the 15-min living sphere, governmental authorities and community bodies commonly integrate public art installations into public spaces to enrich spatial dynamics, cultivate cultural identities, enhance environmental aesthetics, elevate service quality, and foster communal interactions. This study aims to probe into the impact of public art on encouraging urban pedestrianism within the specific context of the 15-min community living sphere along the Suzhou River in northern Shanghai. Drawing upon Stimulus–Organism–Response (SOR) theory, a theoretical framework is constructed to unravel the mechanisms by which public art influences residents’ propensity for walking, encompassing the attributes of public art, perceived value, and walking intention. Employing Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), the model is analyzed to scrutinize the proposed hypotheses. Through this research, we establish and substantiate a novel and pertinent theoretical perspective for advancing human-centric and sustainable urban regeneration. The findings underscore that integrating public art within the framework of constructing 15-min community living spheres contributes to catalyzing proactive urban pedestrianism by enhancing its value proposition.

Eco-endocrinological dynamics: Unraveling dexamethasone's influence on the interrenal axis in juvenile carp Cyprinus carpio

This study delves into the eco-endocrinological dynamics concerning the impact of dexamethasone (DXE) on the interrenal axis in juvenile carp, Cyprinus carpio. Through a comprehensive analysis, we investigated the effects of DXE exposure on oxidative stress, biochemical biomarkers, gene expression, and bioaccumulation within the interrenal axis. Results revealed a concentration-dependent escalation of cellular oxidation biomarkers, including 1) hydroperoxides content (HPC), 2) lipid peroxidation level (LPX), and 3) protein carbonyl content (PCC), indicative of heightened oxidative stress. Concurrently, the activity of critical antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT), significantly increased, underscoring the organism's response to oxidative insult. Notable alterations were observed in biochemical biomarkers, particularly Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, with GGT displaying a significant decrease with increasing DXE concentrations. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of stress and inflammation response genes, as well as those associated with sensitivity to superoxide ion presence and calcium signaling, in response to DXE exposure. Furthermore, DXE demonstrated a concentration-dependent presence in interrenal tissue, with consistent bioconcentration factors observed across all concentrations tested. These findings shed light on the physiological and molecular responses of juvenile carp to DXE exposure, emphasizing the potential ecological implications of DXE contamination in aquatic environments. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for assessing the environmental impact of glucocorticoid pollutants and developing effective management strategies to mitigate their adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems.

Interactive abiotic and biotic stressor impacts on a stream-dwelling amphibian.

Organisms within freshwater and marine environments are subject to a diverse range of often co-occurring abiotic and biotic stressors. Despite growing awareness of the complex multistress systems at play in aquatic ecosystems, many questions remain regarding how simultaneous stressors interact with one another and jointly impact aquatic species. We looked at multistress interactions in a protected stream ecosystem in Mendocino County, California. Specifically, we examined how diurnal temperature variation, turbidity, and predator cues altered the movement speed of larval Pacific giant salamanders (Dicamptodon tenebrosus). In a second experiment, we looked at how simulated low-flow summer conditions impact the expression of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in the same species. Larvae moved almost one and a half times faster in the presence of chemical cues from trout and suspended sediment, and almost two times faster when both sediment and trout cues were present but were only marginally affected by temperature and visual cues from conspecifics. Interestingly, the order of stressor exposure also appeared to influence larval speed, where exposure to sediment and trout in earlier trials tended to lead to faster speeds in later trials. Additionally, larvae exposed to low-flow conditions had more variable, but not statistically significantly higher, expression of HSPs. Our findings highlight the potential interactive effects of an abiotic stressor, sedimentation, and a biotic stressor, and predator chemical cues on an ecologically important trait: movement speed. Our findings also demonstrate the likely role of HSPs in larval salamander survival in challenging summer conditions. Taken together, these findings show that larval D. tenebrosus responds behaviorally to biotic and abiotic stressors and suggests a possible pathway for physiological tolerance of environmental stress. Consideration of multistress systems and their effects is important for understanding the full effects of co-occurring stressors on aquatic organisms to guide appropriate conservation and management efforts based on ecologically relevant responses of organisms within an environment.

Nostalgic tourists acquiring resilience and emotional solidarity through self-congruity and functional congruity

From the perspective of stimulus–organism–response theory (S-O-R), this study explores whether self-congruity and functional congruity cause tourists to form positive nostalgic emotions toward heritage destinations and whether the nostalgic emotions elicited by tourists’ experiences at heritage destinations promote their physical and mental health resilience, as well as their emotional solidarity with local residents. Data were collected from Daxi Old Street, Lukang Old Street, and Anping Old Street, located in northern, central, and southern Taiwan, respectively. A total of 959 respondents were collected. The research results reveal that self-congruity and functional congruity positively impact tourists’ nostalgic emotions in heritage destinations. Product involvement does not moderate self-congruity's effect on nostalgia, but it does moderate functional congruity's impact. The study also supports the positive influence of nostalgic emotions on both tourist resilience and emotional solidarity in heritage tourism. These findings are crucial for governments and stakeholders planning and managing heritage tourist destinations.

Characterization, functional analysis, and expression of TNFR16 from Pinctada fucata martensii in response to exogenous stimuli and RNA interference

Marine pearls from Pinctada fucata martensii are valuable for decoration, skin care, and health care, but their quality and yield can be threatened by diseases, pearl nuclei transplantation rejection, and other external factors. The present study investigated the immune function of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) gene in P. f. martensii to better understand immune responses related to nuclei rejection. The PmTNFR16 cDNA sequence obtained from cloning was 1675 bp in length and encoded 406 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis revealed that PmTNFR16 comprises one signal peptide domain, four TNFR domains, one transmembrane domain, and one death domain. Expression analysis revealed PmTNFR16 was highly expressed in the mantle and significantly up-regulated after exogenous stimuli. The effects of PmTNFR16 on immune effector molecules within the NF-κB signaling pathway were further explored using RNA interference probes for PmTNFR16. Pre-treatment of pearl oysters with dsRNA-PmTNFR before nucleus-insertion resulted in decreased expression of PmTNFR16 by 53 % at 24 h (p<0.01). Similarly, the expression of the NF-κB signaling pathway immune-related genes TRAF2, TRADD, IKK, NIK, and NF-κB significantly decreased at 24 h. The results indicated that PmTNFR16 was successfully silenced as were the expression of immune-related genes in the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway. Overall, these results indicate that PmTNFR16 may be involved in the immune response of the host organism by mediating the NF-κB signaling pathway. These observations provide a framework for future studies of the immune mechanisms of pearl oysters.

Warming effects on lizard gut microbiome depend on habitat connectivity.

Climate warming and landscape fragmentation are both factors well known to threaten biodiversity and to generate species responses and adaptation. However, the impact of warming and fragmentation interplay on organismal responses remains largely under-explored, especially when it comes to gut symbionts, which may play a key role in essential host functions and traits by extending its functional and genetic repertoire. Here, we experimentally examined the combined effects of climate warming and habitat connectivity on the gut bacterial communities of the common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) over three years. While the strength of effects varied over the years, we found that a 2°C warmer climate decreases lizard gut microbiome diversity in isolated habitats. However, enabling connectivity among habitats with warmer and cooler climates offset or even reversed warming effects. The warming effects and the association between host dispersal behaviour and microbiome diversity appear to be a potential driver of this interplay. This study suggests that preserving habitat connectivity will play a key role in mitigating climate change impacts, including the diversity of the gut microbiome, and calls for more studies combining multiple anthropogenic stressors when predicting the persistence of species and communities through global changes.

Antecedents of memorable heritage tourism experiences: an application of stimuli–organism–response theory

Purpose Based on stimulus-organism-response theory, this study aims to develop and tests a model of memorable heritage tourism experience (MHTE). The model proposes that experiencescape, experience co-creation, education and photography are important antecedents of MHTE, which is then a driver of place attachment. Design/methodology/approach Data for this study were collected using a Web-based questionnaire of people aged 18 years and over who had a heritage tourism experience during the previous three months (February–April 2023). The survey was distributed in May 2023 using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk). A survey link was posted on MTurk, which remained active for the first week of May 2023. Out of the 283 responses received, 272 were valid responses from individuals who met the participation criteria. Findings Experiencescape, experience co-creation, education and photography were found to be positive drivers of the MHTE, with a positive relationship between MHTE and place attachment. Originality/value Many studies linked to memorable tourism experience (MTE) mainly replicate Kim, Ritchie, &amp; McCormick’s (2012) MTE scale, regardless of the specific study context. This study offers an alternative framework through which alternative antecedents and outcomes of tourists’ MTE can be identified.

The Drivers of Green Brand Evangelism: The Mediation Role of Green Brand Experience

The Drivers of Green Brand Evangelism: The Mediation Role of Green Brand Experience

Exploring the relationship between student green engagement and entrepreneurial behavior: a serial mediation approach

Purpose This study aims to emphasize the youth community’s importance in sustaining green entrepreneurial efforts. The study used the stimulus organism response framework as the theoretical base using two separate studies. Design/methodology/approach Study 1 commences the development of the student green engagement construct through a focus group, panel discussion and exploratory factor analysis, which supported five items. Study 2 measures the relationship of student green engagement with green entrepreneurial intention by mediating university entrepreneurial support and entrepreneurial motivation. Data from 448 students were gathered from five Malaysian private institutions using a purposive sampling technique. Findings Findings indicate a robust association of student green engagement (stimuli) with green entrepreneurial intention (organism). Furthermore, mediation analysis shows strong mediating effects of university entrepreneurial support and entrepreneurial motivation on green entrepreneurship behavior (response). Originality/value The study’s findings can help the universities and concerned governmental departments instill a sense of sustainable entrepreneurship in university students.

Is cute AI more forgivable? The impact of informal language styles and relationship norms of conversational agents on service recovery

Conversational agents are increasingly handling a significant volume of service interactions and are projected to handle up to 95% of customer service interactions. However, like any service provider, conversational agents are not immune to service failures, which can result in negative customer experiences. Within the context of interactions between conversational agents and consumers, the informal linguistic strategies employed by conversational agents have been recognized as vital in recovering customer satisfaction after service failures. Nevertheless, research on how these linguistic strategies impact customer responses following service failures is still in its early stages. This study delves into the informal language styles used by conversational agents after service failures, examining the comparative effects of cute language styles (as informal language styles) and literal language styles (as formal language styles) on service recovery. Drawing upon the mind perception theory and the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) model, this research also unveils the underlying dynamics of whimsical and kindchenschema cuteness on customers’ forgiveness, along with literal language styles, in the context of service recovery. Furthermore, this study investigates the moderating influence of exchange and communal relationships, taking into account the boundary effects of relationship norms. To explore these hypotheses, three experiments were conducted. The findings of this research offer valuable theoretical insights and practical implications for designing linguistic strategies employed by conversational agents.

Genome-wide identification of the Hsp70 gene family in Penaeus chinensis and their response to environmental stress

The heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene family plays a crucial role in the response of organisms to environmental stress. However, it has not been systematically characterized in shrimp. In this study, we identified 25 PcHsp70 genes in the Penaeus chinensis genome. The encoded proteins were categorized into six subgroups based on phylogenetic relationships. Tandem duplication was the main driver of amplification in the PcHsp70 family, and the genes have experienced strong purifying selection during evolution. Transcriptome data analysis revealed that the 25 PcHsp70 members have different expression patterns in shrimp under conditions of low temperature, low salinity, and white spot syndrome virus infection. Among them, PcHsp70.11 was significantly induced under all three stress conditions, suggesting that this gene plays an important role in response to environmental stress in P. chinensis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically analyze the Hsp70 gene family in shrimp. The results provide important information on shrimp Hsp70s, contributing to a better understanding of the role of these genes in environmental stress and providing a basis for further functional studies.

Understanding Voice Shopping Value Co-Creation: A Sem-Fsqca Method

ABSTRACT Despite a large number of retailers have embraced the voice shopping channels, the factors that determine consumers' voice shopping value co-creation intentions are still unclear. This study explores the impacts of two social cognition dimensions (competence and warmth) on voice shopping value co-creation intention from the perspectives of confidence in consumers themselves and in AI. Based on the social exchange theory and stimulus—organism—response, a research model was developed and empirically examined by data collected from 363 students at a university in China. The results of structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis indicate that perceived competence and perceived warmth positively affect confidence in consumers themselves and in AI and consequently determine voice shopping value co-creation intention. In addition, the impacts of confidence in consumers themselves and in AI on voice shopping value co-creation intention varies. The results of the fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method further validate these findings.

The House Is Burning: Assessment of Habitat Loss Due to Wildfires in Central Mexico

Fire suppression and climate change have increased the frequency and severity of wildfires, but the responses of many organisms to wildfire are still largely unknown. In this study, we assessed the risk of habitat loss for amphibians, mammals, and reptiles caused by wildfires in central Mexico. We accomplished this by: (1) determining the likelihood of wildfire occurrence over a 12-year period using historical records and the Poisson probability mass function to pinpoint the most susceptible areas to wildfire; (2) evaluating species exposure by identifying natural land use that aligns with the potential distribution areas of biodiversity; (3) assessing species vulnerability based on the classifications established by the IUCN and CONABIO. Our findings have unveiled three regions exhibiting a concentration of high-risk values. Among these, two are positioned near major urban centers, while the third lies in the southeastern sector of the Nevado de Toluca protection area. Amphibians emerged as the taxonomic group most severely impacted, with a substantial number of species falling within the Critically Endangered and Endangered categories, closely followed by mammals and reptiles. Furthermore, we have identified a correlation between the location of risk zones and agricultural areas. This study revealed hotspots that can offer valuable guidance for strategic initiatives in fire-prone regions associated to the potential distribution of amphibians, mammals, and reptiles. Moreover, future studies should contemplate integrating field data to enhance our comprehension of the actual effects of wildfires on the spatial distribution of these animal groups.

How travel live streaming servicescape affects users' travel intention: evidence from structural equation model and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis

PurposeIt is unclear what constitutes the tourism live streaming (TLS) servicescape and how it affects users' travel intention (TI). The study aims to explore the composition of the TLS servicescape, the influence mechanism of the TLS servicescape on users' TI and the formation of users' TI.Design/methodology/approachBased on stimulus organism response theory (SOR), we develop a mediation model to explore the influence of TLS servicescape on users' TI. This study collected data from 432 Chinese TLS users through an online questionnaire, and we used the structural equation model and the SPSS PROCESS macro to test the proposed model. In addition, we tested the variable relationships using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).FindingsTLS servicescape is a second-order variable that can be categorized into physical element (PE), social element (SOE), symbolic element (SYE) and natural element (NE). TLS servicescape influences TI by affecting social presence (SP) and customer engagement (CE). The fsQCA reveals seven combinations of PE, SOE, SYE, NE, SP and CE that form a high TI for TLS users.Originality/valueUsing multiple data analysis methods, the study emphasizes the significance of the TLS servicescape for TLS. It explores how to evoke users' TI in TLS and provides a reference for TLS marketing.

Response to food restriction, but not social information use, varies seasonally in captive cardueline finches.

For songbirds, temperate winters can impose severe conditions on songbirds that threaten survival, including shorter days and often lower temperature and food availability. One well-studied mechanism by which songbirds cope with such conditions is seasonal acclimatization of thermal metabolic traits, with strong evidence for both preparative and responsive changes in thermogenic capacity (i.e., the ability to generate heat) to low winter temperature. However, a bird's ability to cope with seasonal extremes or unpredictable events is likely dependent on a combination of behavioral and physiological traits that function to maintain allostatic balance. The ability to cope with reduced food availability may be an important component of organismal response to temperate winters in songbirds. Here we compare responses to experimentally reduced food availability at different times of year in captive red crossbills (Loxia curvirostra) and pine siskins (Spinus pinus) - two species that cope with variable food resources and live in cold places - to investigate seasonal changes in the organismal response to food availability. Further, red crossbills are known to use social information to improve response to reduced food availability, so we also examine whether use of social information in this context varies seasonally in this species. We find that pine siskins and red crossbills lose less body mass during time-restricted feedings in late winter compared to summer, and that red crossbills further benefit from social information gathered from observing other food restricted red crossbills in both seasons. Observed changes in body mass were only partially explained by seasonal differences in food intake. Our results demonstrate seasonal acclimation to food stress and social information use across seasons in a controlled captive environment and highlight the importance of considering diverse physiological systems (e.g., thermogenic, metabolic, digestive, etc) to understand organismal responses to environmental challenges.

Heat Shock Response and Heat Shock Proteins: Current Understanding and Future Opportunities in Human Diseases.

The heat shock response is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that protects cells or organisms from the harmful effects of various stressors such as heat, chemicals toxins, UV radiation, and oxidizing agents. The heat shock response triggers the expression of a specific set of genes and proteins known as heat shock genes/proteins or molecular chaperones, including HSP100, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, and small HSPs. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play a crucial role in thermotolerance and aiding in protecting cells from harmful insults of stressors. HSPs are involved in essential cellular functions such as protein folding, eliminating misfolded proteins, apoptosis, and modulating cell signaling. The stress response to various environmental insults has been extensively studied in organisms from prokaryotes to higher organisms. The responses of organisms to various environmental stressors rely on the intensity and threshold of the stress stimuli, which vary among organisms and cellular contexts. Studies on heat shock proteins have primarily focused on HSP70, HSP90, HSP60, small HSPs, and ubiquitin, along with their applications in human biology. The current review highlighted a comprehensive mechanism of heat shock response and explores the function of heat shock proteins in stress management, as well as their potential as therapeutic agents and diagnostic markers for various diseases.

State-of-the-Art Review on Botanical Hybrid Preparations in Phytomedicine and Phytotherapy Research: Background and Perspectives.

Despite some evidence supporting the synergy concept, the commonly known assumption that combinations of several herbs in one formulation can have better efficacy due to additive or synergistic effects has yet to be unambiguously and explicitly studied. The study aimed to reveal the molecular interactions in situ of host cells in response to botanical hybrid preparations (BHP) intervention and justify the benefits of implementing BHP in clinical practice. This prospective literature review provides the results of recent clinical and network pharmacology studies of BHP of Rhodiola rosea L. (Arctic root) with other plants, including Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (ashwagandha), (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze (green tea), Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. and Maxim.) Maxim. (eleuthero), Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (schisandra), Leuzea carthamoides (Willd.) DC., caffeine, Cordyceps militaris L., Ginkgo biloba L.(ginkgo), Actaea racemosa L. (black cohosh), Crocus sativus L. (saffron), and L-carnosine. The most important finding from network pharmacology studies of BHP was the evidence supporting the synergistic interaction of BHP ingredients, revealing unexpected new pharmacological activities unique and specific to the new BHP. Some studies show the superior efficacy of BHP compared to mono-drugs. At the same time, some a priori-designed combinations can fail, presumably due to antagonistic interactions and crosstalk between molecular targets within the molecular networks involved in the cellular and overall response of organisms to the intervention. Network pharmacology studies help predict the results of studies aimed at discovering new indications and unpredicted adverse events.